Due to the degradation of the environment and the depletion of natural resources, many nations are currently looking for self-sufficiency in energy production and the diversification of their energy matrix, renewable energies being fundamental in this process. Thus, wind energy due to its environmental quality and abundance in many parts of the world has been widely used. The Northeast region of Brazil has a high potential for the implementation of wind farms, mainly in the coastal area, however in recent years some projects have turned to places where agriculture is practiced causing impacts for peasant families, making an analysis necessary about these impacts mainly in agricultural areas of the semiarid region. In this context, the present work aims to analyze the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the implementation of wind farms in agricultural areas. The survey was conducted in the municipality of Serra do Mel, the largest producer of cashew nuts and also the largest in the capacity granted for wind energy in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The methods used were conducting semi-structured interviews with local farmers, collecting secondary data from official bodies and identifying the changes that occurred in the region from 2014 to 2019 through satellite images, making a time series of changes in use and land occupation. The results obtained in the interviews and in the survey areas were processed in the geographic information system QGIS and demonstrated through maps, graphs and tables. The study concluded that the population lives without major problems and without apparent conflicts with the wind farm. From the economic point of view, the initiative has been beneficial for the municipality of Serra do Mel, generating jobs and income and improving the quality of life. From a social point of view, there are few disturbances caused by wind activity and there are also few social actions carried out by the companies involved for the benefit of the community. It was possible to observe that the main environmental impacts resulting from the implementation of wind farms to date have caused little damage to the activities, properties and lives of farmers and they were optimistic about the viability and reconciliation of the enterprise with the agricultural activity. It was also found that the use and occupation of land in the municipality of Serra do Mel was not significantly affected by the implementation of wind farms