Análise e simulação computacional de órbita de transferência de Hohmann pelo método de Euler

Abstract

In this monograph a study is made on the basic principles of Celestial Mechanics, using concepts of Newtonian physics. An introductory approach is presented on orbital transfer maneuvers, with emphasis on the Hohmann Transfer method. The Hohmann method is a rather simple technique, used in orbit transfer situations where it is desired to optimize the fuel consumption of a spacecraft. The method consists in the application of two pulses, generating an elliptical orbit, where it is desired to change the radius of this orbit to another of defined radius. The system of equations is solved analytically when considering the interaction of only 2 bodies, for 3 or more bodies the equations are solved numerically. Computational simulations are performed using the numerical method of Euler to solve the equations of trajectory of the body dynamically. The simulations are described in 5 different scenarios, where each scenario is configured to demonstrate the main steps of Hohmann transfer and the effects of perturbations in the orbit. The results are presented through graphs obtained for analysis.