Modelo de decisão espacial para seleção de aterros sanitários

Abstract

The growing concern about the final disposition of solid waste, due to the harm caused by the inappropriate waste disposal, imposes the need for governments to adopt measures to improve the management of this waste. In this sense, alternatives to solve the problem can be found in the proper choice and implementation of a sanitary landfill, according to the current legislation and the most relevant criteria. The present research aims to elaborate a spatial decision model that selects suitable areas for the implantation of sanitary landfills, where it had by case study the microregion of Angicos, inserted in the state Rio Grande do Norte. To create this model, it was necessary to select criteria relevant to the region in question and to comply with Brazilian legislation. This research used a methodology based on the integration of the Geographic Information System and Multicriteria Decision Analysis. Through two databases it was possible to find remote data from Angicos microregion, allowing the creation of thematic maps representing the selected criteria. We performed Boolean overlaps with weights acquired by the evaluation between the criteria based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process methodology, and finally a final fitness map was generated using the Weight Linear Combination approach. At the end of the study were found 27 areas with adequate conditions to create a sanitary landfill, of these ten obtained a higher level of suitability for use, being available mainly in the northwest region of the studied microregion. It is necessary a posterior sensitivity analysis to select the best area among the others, and consequently recommend the implantation of a sanitary landfill in the area.